And yet this black gold gives us petrol, lpg, paraffin, bitumen, kerosene, plastic and a whole host of other compounds vital to modern western. Gcse crude oil revise the thermal cracking reaction. Feb 11, 2011 you can find instructions for this experiment at cracking hydrocarbons liquid paraffin a mixture of. Which of the following fuels can be replicated via the cracking of kerosene. Students need to appreciate that crude oil is a very complex mixture of thousands of different substances, mainly hydrocarbons, and is of little use as crude oil itself. Crude oil and hydrocarbons worksheets teaching resources. Organic chemistry teaching resources the science teacher. For example, crude oil can be processed cracked to. See all chemistry resources see all crude oil, cracking and hydrocarbons. In modern oil refinery industry a commonly used process is a catalytic cracking in a fluid phase. You should use the words evaporated and condensed in. Crude oil is a mixture of compounds called hydrocarbons, which can be separated into fractions. Cracking is the name for processes which break long hydrocarbon.
This is a chemical reaction in which heat breaks down long chain molecules into smaller ones. How is crude oil transformed into everyday usable products. Simulate an oil spill cleanup for teachers 8th 12th. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes.
The cracking and reforming of crude oil fractions presentation free download as powerpoint presentation. What is crude oil, fractional distillation for crude oil, uses of different crude oil fractions, compare the structure and properties of alkanes and alkenes, explain the process and purpose of cracking, making and disposing synthetic polymers, examples and step by step demonstration. This shifting of powers from the multinational oil companies to the oil producing countries created opec organization of petroleum exporting countries which is the present power broker for crude oil. There isnt any single unique reaction happening in the cracker. Either way, it means the vast majority of crude oil can be turned into useful products. Hydrocarbons can be split up into small ones, built up into bigger ones, altered in shape, or modified by adding other atoms. Cracking means splitting up longchain hydrocarbons by passing vapour over a hot catalyst. Cracking may be used to convert one fraction of crude oil to a mixture of hydrocarbons with the properties of a different fraction. There isnt any single unique reaction happening in. Gcse worksheet on the language of fractional distillation of crude oil. You need to understand certain chemical reactions used in a variety of industrial processes for gcse chemistry. In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or longchain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carboncarbon bonds in the precursors. What are some of the products of cracking useful for. Crude oil is used to produce many useful materials.
Crude oil is described as a fossil fuel but it is much more important than that as many plastics have crude oil as a raw material. However, once the crude oil is refined, it is used to produce gasoline, diesel fuel, paraffin wax, and even plastics. Use the diagram to help you to explain how crude oil is separated into fractions. Aqa gcse chemistry worksheet for the organic chemistry topic. The main purpose of this limited study was to conduct a literature search on cold cracking of petroleum crude oil in an attempt to collect and analyze background information. History, process and products nearly every aspect of our modern lifestyle is impacted by oil. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. The crude oil that comes out of the ground is useless on its own. This list of resources covers oil as a resource and the purification of oil by fractional distillation and cracking. Past paper questions crude oil, fractional distillation.
Making crude oil useful fractional distillation and cracking. This may be carried out with catalyst and equipment similar to that of catalytic cracking, but at a temperature range between that of standard catalytic cracking and steam cracking. In this worksheet, we will practice explaining the catalytic cracking of alkanes. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. Why do long hydrocarbons have higher boiling points. How does it work why is crude oil both important and useless. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers before clicking on the answer link which will take you to the correct page you may have to read through some of the page before you find the answer. In this worksheet, students will learn how we use cracking to break long hydrocarbon. The direct cracking of crude oil is an interesting option for producing cheaply large amounts of petrochemicals. A it is a mixture of 1 mark different length hydrocarbons 1 mark.
The results showed that the activation energy of the oil cracking to gas from the bh28 lacustrine crude oil ranged from 250 kjmol to 270 kjmol with an average of eo 255. In this experiment you will explore the process of fractional distillation, which is one of the major steps in refining crude oil. High pressure from above and high temps from below cause oil to form. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of catalysts. A worksheet that covers the key points of cracking crude oil, including the aspect of supply and demand. Modeling of thermal cracking process in a crude oil refinery. Fractionation of crude oil fractional distillation is a process that is used to separate the crude oil into its components. Recommend carrying out cracking demonstration whilst discussing the questions as it can take a while. Is a fossil fuel which comes directly from the earths crust. Hydrocarbons examples, answers, activities, experiment, videos.
State what must be done to the crude oil before it enters the fractionating column. The first step in refining crude oil is known as fractional distillation. All that we need to do is heat longchain hydrocarbons, so that they turn into vapor. Give three examples of fuels which are produced from crude oil that are used in our society.
The answer to the question of crude oils multiple uses is fractional distillation and cracking. Crude oil is a complex mixture of different compounds that need to be separated to maximise their use. Sinclair oil apparently wished to suggest that the patent of burton and humphreys, in use by standard oil, was derived from shukhovs patent for oil cracking, as described in the russian patent. The vacuum residues were derived from three kuwaiti crude. Some can be used for bitumen used to make tar for roads, but there is more residue than we really want. However, none of these products would exist without the.
One of these is thermal cracking which is used on crude oil. Cracking oil fractions reaction conditions products equations. It has to be refined to extract the usable hydrocarbons as a source of energy and other products. Although the crude oil enters the fractionating column as a vapour or a gas, many of the fractions are collected as liquids. High octane starter to inject pace which is easily adapted for other lessons. This fraction after revaporisation can undergo a cracking. If that could be established, it could strengthen the hand of rival american companies wishing to invalidate the burtonhumphreys patent. While the process of refining crude oil is nowhere near as complex as the process for harnessing nuclear energy, it is still quite ingenious and offers an inside look at one of our most controversial, essential commodities. A fully resourced lesson with assessment on the cracking of crude oil. Find crude oil lesson plans and teaching resources. Cracking is the name for processes which breaks long hydrocarbon molecules into shorter ones. You can find instructions for this experiment at liquid paraffin a mixture of. Give a description of how crude oil is formed and where it is found.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Chemistry of petroleum teacher sheet science netlinks. Unit c1 revision lesson 5 hydrocarbons and combustion. Crude oil is one of three types of fossil fuel, the other two being gas and coal, and is arguably the most useful. Making crude oil usefulfractional distillation and cracking. Sheet 1 is a notes sheet which needs to be annotated during the lesson or using a textbook. Gcse chemistry revision questions fossil fuels crude. Sheet 2 has a series of short tasks to assess understanding and test application of the key ideas. Gcse chemistry products from oil high demand questions questionsheet 1 a crude oil is the raw material of the petrochemical industry.
Most important useful chemicals,polymers and fuels are obtained from crude oil. In this crude oil worksheet, students read about the fractions of crude oil and. How does fractional distillation use heat to perform its. Complete the general formula for the compounds found in crude oil. Other useful substances from crude oil cracking hydrocarbons. The table shows the different fractions in the crude oil you buy, and the amount of each fraction you can sell once they have been separated. In this worksheet, we will practice explaining the catalytic cracking of alkanes and its importance and describing the process on an industrial scale.
This is why they are a good starting point, or chemical feedstock, for making other materials. A whole range of products are made from this oil, including petrol. It helps students make links and understand how the processes of cracking, fractional. This method can be used as the oil is a mixture of molecules. Modern living is built on crude oil this hub explains how crude oil is changed into the things we use everyday, from petrol to plastic. Pdf modeling of thermal cracking process in a crude oil. Many oil producing nations realized that their countries could become wealthy if they controlled the price of oil. Lesson with option of differentiated resources for cracking hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons examples, answers, activities, experiment. Most of the time, small hydrocarbon molecules are more useful than long ones. Home gcse study tools chemistry cracking crude oil. Feb 04, 2011 how crude oil cracking works us auto industry. Oil is used to power our vehicles, to create medicines that keep us healthy, and to make the plastics, cosmetics, and other personal products that enhance our daily lives. The american chemist, william burton, is usually credited with being the inventor of the thermal cracking process.
Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa. These fractions are obtained from the distillation process as liquids, but are revaporised before cracking. The main source of large hydrocarbon molecules is the naphtha fraction as a liquid from the fractional distillation of crude oil in refinery. Chemical processing how oil refining works howstuffworks. Cracking is the name for a thermal decomposition processes. Crude oil is a dark smelly liquid which is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons. New91 aqa gcse chemistry c9 hydrocarbons kerboodle. B most fractions of crude oil are liquids at room temperature. Why are hydrocarbons referred to as a good chemical feedstock. What is crude oil and how is it turned into so many different things. The source of the large hydrocarbon molecules is often the naphtha fraction or the gas oil fraction from the fractional distillation of crude oil petroleum.
Unfortunately, a lot of crude oil contains very long molecules. It is the remains of plantsanimalsfossils produced over millions of years 1 mark. Crude oil as dug from the ground is completely useless. C fractional distillation involves a chemical reaction. For example, hexane can be cracked to form butane and. Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons uniwersytet warszawski. E fractional distillation involves the separation of compounds using a pressure gradient. As part of their work on crude oil, gcse chemistry students will look at thermal cracking. D fractional distillation involves the separation of crude oil into pure compounds. What is the name given to the molecules that are found in crude oil. There are different predictions when crude oil will run out. Used in the oil and gas industry to refer to a variety of methods whereby a larger product is broken down into smaller byproducts. If the answer you have written is not right, change it.
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